---

name: responsive-patterns description: Implement mobile-first responsive design patterns for all screen sizes. Use when building layouts that need to work across desktop, tablet, and mobile devices.

Responsive Design Patterns

This skill provides patterns for building websites that look great and function perfectly on all devices.

When to Use This Skill

• Creating responsive layouts
• Adapting designs for different screen sizes
• Implementing mobile navigation
• Optimizing images for different devices
• Building fluid typography systems

Core Principles

1. Mobile-First Approach

Always start with mobile styles, then add complexity for larger screens.

/* Mobile styles (default) */
.container {
  padding: 1rem;
}

/* Tablet and up */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .container {
    padding: 2rem;
  }
}

/* Desktop and up */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .container {
    padding: 3rem;
  }
}

Tailwind Mobile-First:

// Base = mobile, md: = tablet, lg: = desktop
<div className="p-4 md:p-8 lg:p-12">

2. Breakpoints

Standard Breakpoints:

Name	Width	Target
sm	640px	Large phones
md	768px	Tablets
lg	1024px	Small laptops
xl	1280px	Desktops
2xl	1536px	Large screens

Tailwind Config:

screens: {
  'sm': '640px',
  'md': '768px',
  'lg': '1024px',
  'xl': '1280px',
  '2xl': '1536px',
}

3. Layout Patterns

Stack to Grid:

// Mobile: stacked, Desktop: side-by-side
<div className="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
  <div>Item 1</div>
  <div>Item 2</div>
  <div>Item 3</div>
</div>

Sidebar Layout:

// Mobile: no sidebar, Desktop: sidebar
<div className="flex flex-col lg:flex-row">
  <aside className="w-full lg:w-64 lg:shrink-0">
    Sidebar
  </aside>
  <main className="flex-1">
    Main Content
  </main>
</div>

Hero Split:

// Mobile: image on top, Desktop: side by side
<section className="grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-2 gap-8 items-center">
  <div className="order-2 lg:order-1">
    <h1>Headline</h1>
    <p>Description</p>
  </div>
  <div className="order-1 lg:order-2">
    <Image src="..." />
  </div>
</section>

4. Navigation Patterns

Mobile Menu:

"use client"
import { useState } from "react"
import { Menu, X } from "lucide-react"

function Navigation() {
  const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState(false)

  return (
    <header className="sticky top-0 z-50 bg-background/80 backdrop-blur-md">
      <nav className="container flex items-center justify-between h-16">
        <Logo />

        {/* Desktop nav */}
        <div className="hidden md:flex items-center gap-8">
          <NavLinks />
          <Button>CTA</Button>
        </div>

        {/* Mobile menu button */}
        <button
          className="md:hidden p-2"
          onClick={() => setIsOpen(!isOpen)}
        >
          {isOpen ? <X /> : <Menu />}
        </button>
      </nav>

      {/* Mobile menu */}
      {isOpen && (
        <div className="md:hidden border-t">
          <div className="container py-4 flex flex-col gap-4">
            <NavLinks vertical />
            <Button className="w-full">CTA</Button>
          </div>
        </div>
      )}
    </header>
  )
}

Slide-Out Menu:

<Sheet>
  <SheetTrigger asChild>
    <Button variant="ghost" size="icon" className="md:hidden">
      <Menu className="h-6 w-6" />
    </Button>
  </SheetTrigger>
  <SheetContent side="left">
    <nav className="flex flex-col gap-4">
      <NavLinks />
    </nav>
  </SheetContent>
</Sheet>

5. Responsive Typography

Fluid Type Scale:

/* clamp(minimum, preferred, maximum) */
h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw + 1rem, 4rem);
}

h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw + 0.5rem, 2.5rem);
}

p {
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1vw + 0.75rem, 1.125rem);
}

Tailwind Responsive Typography:

<h1 className="text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl xl:text-6xl">
  Responsive Headline
</h1>

<p className="text-base md:text-lg">
  Body text that scales
</p>

6. Responsive Images

Next.js Image:

import Image from "next/image"

// Responsive with sizes hint
<Image
  src="/hero.jpg"
  alt="Hero"
  width={1200}
  height={600}
  sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, (max-width: 1200px) 50vw, 33vw"
  className="w-full h-auto"
/>

Art Direction (Different images per breakpoint):

<picture>
  <source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcSet="/hero-desktop.jpg" />
  <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/hero-tablet.jpg" />
  <img src="/hero-mobile.jpg" alt="Hero" className="w-full" />
</picture>

Aspect Ratio Container:

// Maintains aspect ratio at all sizes
<div className="relative aspect-video">
  <Image
    src="/video-thumbnail.jpg"
    alt="Video"
    fill
    className="object-cover"
  />
</div>

7. Responsive Spacing

Fluid Spacing:

/* Section padding that scales */
.section {
  padding-block: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 8rem);
}

Tailwind Responsive Spacing:

<section className="py-12 md:py-16 lg:py-24">
  <div className="container px-4 md:px-6 lg:px-8">
    Content
  </div>
</section>

8. Responsive Tables

Horizontal Scroll:

<div className="overflow-x-auto">
  <table className="min-w-full">
    {/* Table content */}
  </table>
</div>

Card Stack on Mobile:

// Desktop: table, Mobile: cards
<div className="hidden md:block">
  <Table>{/* Table markup */}</Table>
</div>

<div className="md:hidden space-y-4">
  {data.map((item) => (
    <Card key={item.id}>
      <CardContent>
        {/* Card layout of table data */}
      </CardContent>
    </Card>
  ))}
</div>

9. Container Patterns

Max-Width Container:

// Standard container with responsive padding
<div className="max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
  Content
</div>

Full-Bleed with Contained Content:

<section className="bg-primary">
  {/* Full-width background */}
  <div className="container mx-auto px-4">
    {/* Contained content */}
  </div>
</section>

10. Hide/Show Elements

// Hide on mobile, show on desktop
<div className="hidden md:block">
  Desktop only content
</div>

// Show on mobile, hide on desktop
<div className="md:hidden">
  Mobile only content
</div>

// Visibility (maintains layout space)
<div className="invisible md:visible">
  Hidden but takes space
</div>

11. Testing Checklist

Desktop Viewports:

• 1920px (Full HD)
• 1440px (Common laptop)
• 1280px (Small laptop)

Tablet Viewports:

• 1024px (iPad Pro landscape)
• 768px (iPad portrait)

Mobile Viewports:

• 430px (iPhone Pro Max)
• 390px (iPhone 14)
• 375px (iPhone SE)
• 320px (Small phones)

12. Common Issues & Solutions

Issue: Text too small on mobile

// Bad
<p className="text-sm">Text</p>

// Good - never go below 16px for body text
<p className="text-base">Text</p>

Issue: Touch targets too small

// Bad
<button className="p-1">Tap</button>

// Good - minimum 44x44px
<button className="p-3 min-h-[44px] min-w-[44px]">Tap</button>

Issue: Horizontal overflow

// Add to root element
<html className="overflow-x-hidden">

Issue: Fixed elements covering content

// Add padding to account for fixed header
<main className="pt-16"> {/* height of fixed header */}

Quality Checklist

• Works on all breakpoints (320px - 1920px)
• No horizontal scrolling (except tables)
• Touch targets minimum 44x44px
• Text readable without zooming (16px+ body)
• Images don't break layout
• Navigation accessible on mobile
• Forms usable on mobile
• No cut-off content